Electric fence school
Shock application principles
Two factors determine the number of fence wires to be used and their electrification: soil conditions and the size and nature of the animals.
Normal, moist soil conditions
On most fences, the shock passes through the animal touching the fence and through its feet to ground, where it is conducted through the damp earth back to the ground rod(s).
Frozen or very dry soil conditions
Frozen soil is a very poor conductor of electricity. If a fence system is required to work under such conditions, then one or more uninsulated grounded wires must be strung along the posts also. They are connected to the 'ground' terminal of the controller, which is also connected to one or more ground rods.
It is an excellent idea to connect these ground fence wires to additional ground posts every 1/4 to 1/2 mile along the fence. On this style of fence, an animal receives a shock by completing a circuit between the hot fence wire and the 'ground' fence wire, rather than through its feet to the soil.
For very dry or frozen soil conditions, do not use fences that have no ground wire!
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